Am 9. März 1943 kam die Polizei ins
Haus von Jacky Comfortys Familie in Bulgarien. Dies sollte der Anfang
vom Ende sein, der Beginn einer Reise nach Treblinka. Unter Waffengewalt
mußten Jackys Großeltern, seine damals fünfzehnjährige
Tante und sein Onkel, der gerade vier war, zu dem Deportationszentrum
in die Nachbarschule laufen. Jackys Vater, damals zweiundzwanzig,
war bereits in einem in der Nähe befindlichen Arbeitslager interniert.
Vier Mitglieder der Familie Comforty befanden sich unter den 8.500
bulgarischen Juden, die an diesem Tage auf Schulhöfe und andere
Sammelplätze in Bulgarien gebracht wurden, um zur Vernichtung
nach Polen deportiert zu werden. Dort warteten sie den ganzen Tag,
bis sie am Abend einfach nach Hause geschickt wurden. 50.000 Juden
lebten damals in Bulgarien. 50.000 Menschen mußten nicht sterben,
weil bulgarische Christen und Moslems Wege gefunden hatten, sie vor
ihren künftigen Mördern zu retten, ohne Rücksicht darauf,
daß ihre eigene Regierung mit den Nazis verbündet war.
Wir wollten mit unserem dokumentarischen Projekt erforschen,
wie diese verschiedenen ethnischen und religiösen Gruppen in
Bulgarien selbst während des Holocausts in Frieden miteinander
leben konnten, und welche Lehren man heute daraus ziehen kann.
Jacky Comforty |
On 9 March 1943, police arrived at the
home of Jacky Comfortys family in Bulgaria. This was to be the
beginning of the end, the start of the journey to Treblinka. At gunpoint
Jackys grandparents; his aunt, then fifteen years old; and his
uncle, age four, all marched to the deportation center set up at a
neighborhood school. Jackys father, 22 at the time, was not
at home when the police came. He had already been interned in a nearby
forced labor camp. The four Comfortys scheduled to depart for Poland
that day were among the 8,500 Bulgarian Jews targeted first for extermination.
Just a few days before, 11,343 Jews from neighboring Greece and Macedonia
had gone to their deaths. They had all lived in Bulgarian-controlled
territory given to Bulgaria by Germany under the terms
of the alliance pact between the two countries. On 10 March, the Bulgarian
Jews were taken to schoolyards and other gathering places around Bulgaria
to await transport to additional trains. They waited all day. And
then, at the end of that day, they were simply sent home. Fifty thousand
Jews lived in Bulgaria. Fifty thousand people didnt die because
Bulgarian Christians and Muslims found ways to protect them from their
would-be murderers even in defiance of their own Nazi-allied government.
The purpose of our documentary project has been to explore how
these different ethnic and religious groups came to live together
in peace in Bulgaria even during the Holocaust and to learn how the
lessons learned can be applied today. In Bulgaria, both organised
efforts and individuals made a difference. The Bulgarian Parliament,
Church, intellectuals, trade unions, professional guilds, and Jewish
community all helped defeat the Nazis plans for mass deportations.
Jacky Comforty |